[e-mobility-charging-stations-simulator.git] / README.md

# ev-simulator

## Summary

Simple [node.js](https://nodejs.org/) program to simulate a set of charging stations based on the OCPP-J 1.6 protocol.

## Configuration syntax

All configuration files are in the JSON standard format.  

The program's global configuration parameters must be within the src/assets/config.json file. A configuration template file is available at [src/assets/config-template.json](src/assets/config-template.json).

All charging station templates are in the directory [src/assets/station-templates](src/assets/station-templates).

A list of RFID tags must be defined for the automatic transaction generator with the default location and name src/assets/authorization-tags.json. A template file is available at [src/assets/authorization-tags-template.json](src/assets/authorization-tags-template.json).

### Global configuration 

**src/assets/config.json**:

Key | Value(s) | Default Value | Value type | Description 
--- | -------| --------------| ---------- | ------------
supervisionURLs | | [] | string[] |  array of connection URIs to OCPP-J servers
distributeStationsToTenantsEqually | true/false | true | boolean | distribute charging stations uniformly to the OCPP-J servers
statisticsDisplayInterval | | 60 | integer | seconds between charging stations statistics output in the logs 
workerProcess | workerSet/staticPool/dynamicPool | workerSet | string | worker threads process type
workerStartDelay | | 500 | integer | milliseconds to wait at charging station worker threads startup
workerPoolMinSize | | 4 | integer | worker threads pool minimum number of threads
workerPoolMaxSize | | 16 | integer | worker threads pool maximum number of threads
workerPoolStrategy | ROUND_ROBIN/LESS_RECENTLY_USED/... | [poolifier](https://github.com/pioardi/poolifier) default: ROUND_ROBBIN | string | worker threads pool [poolifier](https://github.com/pioardi/poolifier) worker choice strategy
chargingStationsPerWorker | | 1 | integer | number of charging stations per worker threads for the `workerSet` process type
logConsole | true/false | false | boolean | output logs on the console 
logFormat | | simple | string | winston log format
logRotate | true/false | true | boolean | enable daily log files rotation
logMaxFiles | | 7 | integer | maximum number of log files to keep
logLevel | emerg/alert/crit/error/warning/notice/info/debug | info | string | winston logging level
logFile | | combined.log | string | log file relative path
logErrorFile | | error.log | string | error log file relative path 
stationTemplateURLs | | {}[] | { file: string; numberOfStations: number; }[] | array of charging template file URIs
 
### Charging station template

Key | Value(s) | Default Value | Value type | Description 
--- | -------| --------------| ---------- | ------------
supervisionURL | | '' | string | connection URI to OCPP-J server
ocppVersion | 1.6 | 1.6 | string | OCPP version 
ocppProtocol | json | json | string | OCPP protocol
authorizationFile | | '' | string | RFID tags list file relative to src/assets path
baseName | | '' | string | base name to build charging stations name
nameSuffix | | '' | string | name suffix to build charging stations name
fixedName | true/false | false | boolean | use the baseName as the charging stations unique name
chargePointModel | | '' | string | charging stations model
chargePointVendor | | '' | string | charging stations vendor
chargeBoxSerialNumberPrefix | | '' | string | charging stations serial number prefix
firmwareVersion | | '' | string | charging stations firmware version
power | | | float\|float[] | charging stations maximum power value(s)
powerSharedByConnectors | true/false | false | boolean | charging stations power shared by its connectors
powerUnit | W/kW | W | string | charging stations power unit
currentOutType | AC/DC | AC | string | charging stations current out type
voltageOut | | AC:230/DC:400 | integer | charging stations voltage out
numberOfPhases | 0/1/3 | AC:3/DC:0 | integer | charging stations number of phase(s) 
numberOfConnectors | | | integer\|integer[] | charging stations number of connector(s)
useConnectorId0 | true/false | true | boolean | use connector id 0 definition from the template
randomConnectors | true/false | false | boolean | randomize runtime connector id affectation from the connector id definition in template
resetTime | | 60 | integer | seconds to wait before the charging stations come back at reset
autoReconnectMaxRetries | | -1 (unlimited) | integer | connection retries to the OCPP-J server
reconnectExponentialDelay | true/false | false | boolean | connection delay retry to the OCPP-J server
registrationMaxRetries | | -1 (unlimited) | integer | charging stations boot notification retries
enableStatistics | true/false | true | boolean | enable charging stations statistics
beginEndMeterValues | true/false | false | boolean | enable Transaction.{Begin,End} MeterValues
outOfOrderEndMeterValues | true/false | false | boolean | send Transaction.End MeterValues out of order
meteringPerTransaction | true/false | true | boolean | disable metering on a per transaction basis
transactionDataMeterValues | true/false | false | boolean | enable transaction data MeterValues at stop transaction
Configuration | | | ChargingStationConfiguration | charging stations OCPP configuration parameters
AutomaticTransactionGenerator | | | AutomaticTransactionGenerator | charging stations ATG configuration
Connectors | | | Connectors | charging stations connectors configuration

#### Configuration section

```json
  "Configuration": {
    "configurationKey": [
       ...
       {
        "key": "StandardKey",
        "readonly": false,
        "value": "StandardValue",
        "visible": true,
        "reboot": false
      },
      ...
      {
        "key": "VendorKey",
        "readonly": false,
        "value": "VendorValue",
        "visible": false,
        "reboot": true
      },
      ...
    ]
  }
```

#### AutomaticTransactionGenerator section

```json
  "AutomaticTransactionGenerator": {
    "enable": false,
    "minDuration": 60,
    "maxDuration": 80,
    "minDelayBetweenTwoTransactions": 15,
    "maxDelayBetweenTwoTransactions": 30,
    "probabilityOfStart": 1,
    "stopAfterHours": 0.3,
    "stopOnConnectionFailure": true,
    "requireAuthorize": true
  }
```
#### Connectors section

```json
  "Connectors": {
    "0": {},
    "1": {
      "bootStatus": "Available",
      "MeterValues": [
        ...
        {
          "unit": "A",
          "measurand": "Current.Import"
        },
        ...
        {
          "unit": "Wh"
        },
        ...
      ]
    }
  },
```

## Start

To start the program, run: `npm start`.

## Docker

In the [docker](./docker) folder:

```bash
make
```

Or without the optional git submodules:

```bash
make SUBMODULES_INIT=false
```

## OCPP-J commands supported

### Version 1.6

#### Core Profile

- :white_check_mark: Authorize
- :white_check_mark: BootNotification
- :white_check_mark: ChangeAvailability
- :white_check_mark: ChangeConfiguration
- :white_check_mark: ClearCache
- :x: DataTransfer
- :white_check_mark: GetConfiguration
- :white_check_mark: Heartbeat
- :white_check_mark: MeterValues
- :white_check_mark: RemoteStartTransaction
- :white_check_mark: RemoteStopTransaction
- :white_check_mark: Reset
- :white_check_mark: StartTransaction
- :white_check_mark: StatusNotification
- :white_check_mark: StopTransaction
- :white_check_mark: UnlockConnector

#### Firmware Management Profile

- :x: GetDiagnostics
- :x: DiagnosticsStatusNotification
- :x: FirmwareStatusNotification
- :x: UpdateFirmware

#### Local Auth List Management Profile

- :x: GetLocalListVersion
- :x: SendLocalList

#### Reservation Profile

- :x: CancelReservation
- :x: ReserveNow

#### Smart Charging Profile

- :white_check_mark: ClearChargingProfile
- :white_check_mark: GetCompositeSchedule
- :white_check_mark: SetChargingProfile

#### Remote Trigger Profile

- :x: TriggerMessage

## OCPP-J standard parameters supported

All kind of OCPP parameters are supported in a charging station template. The list here mention the standard ones also handled automatically in the simulator. 

### Version 1.6

#### Core Profile

- :white_check_mark: AuthorizeRemoteTxRequests (type: boolean) (units: -)
- :x: ClockAlignedDataInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
- :white_check_mark: ConnectionTimeOut (type: integer) (units: seconds)
- :x: GetConfigurationMaxKeys (type: integer) (units: -)
- :white_check_mark: HeartbeatInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
- :x: LocalAuthorizeOffline (type: boolean) (units: -)
- :x: LocalPreAuthorize (type: boolean) (units: -)
- :x: MeterValuesAlignedData (type: CSL) (units: -)
- :white_check_mark: MeterValuesSampledData (type: CSL) (units: -)
- :white_check_mark: MeterValueSampleInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
- :white_check_mark: NumberOfConnectors (type: integer) (units: -)
- :x: ResetRetries (type: integer) (units: times)
- :white_check_mark: ConnectorPhaseRotation (type: CSL) (units: -)
- :x: StopTransactionOnEVSideDisconnect (type: boolean) (units: -)
- :x: StopTransactionOnInvalidId (type: boolean) (units: -)
- :x: StopTxnAlignedData (type: CSL) (units: -)
- :x: StopTxnSampledData (type: CSL) (units: -)
- :white_check_mark: SupportedFeatureProfiles (type: CSL) (units: -)
- :x: TransactionMessageAttempts (type: integer) (units: times)
- :x: TransactionMessageRetryInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
- :x: UnlockConnectorOnEVSideDisconnect (type: boolean) (units: -)
- :white_check_mark: WebSocketPingInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)

#### Firmware Management Profile

- *none*

#### Local Auth List Management Profile

- :white_check_mark: LocalAuthListEnabled (type: boolean) (units: -)
- :x: LocalAuthListMaxLength (type: integer) (units: -)
- :x: SendLocalListMaxLength (type: integer) (units: -)

#### Reservation Profile

- *none*

#### Smart Charging Profile

- :x: ChargeProfileMaxStackLevel (type: integer) (units: -)
- :x: ChargingScheduleAllowedChargingRateUnit (type: CSL) (units: -)
- :x: ChargingScheduleMaxPeriods (type: integer) (units: -)
- :x: MaxChargingProfilesInstalled (type: integer) (units: -)

#### Remote Trigger Profile

- *none*

## License

This file and all other files in this repository are licensed under the Apache Software License, v.2 and copyrighted under the copyright in [NOTICE](NOTICE) file, except as noted otherwise in the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file.

Please note that Docker images can contain other software which may be licensed under different licenses. This LICENSE and NOTICE files are also included in the Docker image. For any usage of built Docker images please make sure to check the licenses of the artifacts contained in the images.
Commit	Line	Data
7dde0b73 JB	1	# ev-simulator
	2
	3	## Summary
	4
1eabf6a9	5	Simple [node.js](https://nodejs.org/) program to simulate a set of charging stations based on the OCPP-J 1.6 protocol.
7dde0b73	6
2c28fc83 JB	7	## Configuration syntax
	8
	9	All configuration files are in the JSON standard format.
	10
	11	The program's global configuration parameters must be within the src/assets/config.json file. A configuration template file is available at [src/assets/config-template.json](src/assets/config-template.json).
	12
	13	All charging station templates are in the directory [src/assets/station-templates](src/assets/station-templates).
	14
	15	A list of RFID tags must be defined for the automatic transaction generator with the default location and name src/assets/authorization-tags.json. A template file is available at [src/assets/authorization-tags-template.json](src/assets/authorization-tags-template.json).
	16
	17	### Global configuration
	18
b1d6e944	19	src/assets/config.json:
2c28fc83 JB	20
	21	Key \| Value(s) \| Default Value \| Value type \| Description
	22	--- \| -------\| --------------\| ---------- \| ------------
	23	supervisionURLs \| \| [] \| string[] \| array of connection URIs to OCPP-J servers
	24	distributeStationsToTenantsEqually \| true/false \| true \| boolean \| distribute charging stations uniformly to the OCPP-J servers
	25	statisticsDisplayInterval \| \| 60 \| integer \| seconds between charging stations statistics output in the logs
326ab6fd JB	26	workerProcess \| workerSet/staticPool/dynamicPool \| workerSet \| string \| worker threads process type
326ab6fd JB	27	workerStartDelay \| \| 500 \| integer \| milliseconds to wait at charging station worker threads startup
2c28fc83 JB	28	workerPoolMinSize \| \| 4 \| integer \| worker threads pool minimum number of threads
2c28fc83 JB	29	workerPoolMaxSize \| \| 16 \| integer \| worker threads pool maximum number of threads
9efbac5b	30	workerPoolStrategy \| ROUND_ROBIN/LESS_RECENTLY_USED/... \| [poolifier](https://github.com/pioardi/poolifier) default: ROUND_ROBBIN \| string \| worker threads pool [poolifier](https://github.com/pioardi/poolifier) worker choice strategy
2c28fc83 JB	31	chargingStationsPerWorker \| \| 1 \| integer \| number of charging stations per worker threads for the `workerSet` process type
	32	logConsole \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| output logs on the console
	33	logFormat \| \| simple \| string \| winston log format
	34	logRotate \| true/false \| true \| boolean \| enable daily log files rotation
0302da79	35	logMaxFiles \| \| 7 \| integer \| maximum number of log files to keep
2c28fc83 JB	36	logLevel \| emerg/alert/crit/error/warning/notice/info/debug \| info \| string \| winston logging level
	37	logFile \| \| combined.log \| string \| log file relative path
	38	logErrorFile \| \| error.log \| string \| error log file relative path
a02da55f	39	stationTemplateURLs \| \| {}[] \| { file: string; numberOfStations: number; }[] \| array of charging template file URIs
2c28fc83 JB	40
2c28fc83 JB	41	### Charging station template
2e6e52f3	42
2c28fc83 JB	43	Key \| Value(s) \| Default Value \| Value type \| Description
2c28fc83 JB	44	--- \| -------\| --------------\| ---------- \| ------------
a02da55f JB	45	supervisionURL \| \| '' \| string \| connection URI to OCPP-J server
	46	ocppVersion \| 1.6 \| 1.6 \| string \| OCPP version
	47	ocppProtocol \| json \| json \| string \| OCPP protocol
2c28fc83	48	authorizationFile \| \| '' \| string \| RFID tags list file relative to src/assets path
a02da55f JB	49	baseName \| \| '' \| string \| base name to build charging stations name
	50	nameSuffix \| \| '' \| string \| name suffix to build charging stations name
	51	fixedName \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| use the baseName as the charging stations unique name
	52	chargePointModel \| \| '' \| string \| charging stations model
	53	chargePointVendor \| \| '' \| string \| charging stations vendor
	54	chargeBoxSerialNumberPrefix \| \| '' \| string \| charging stations serial number prefix
	55	firmwareVersion \| \| '' \| string \| charging stations firmware version
4a1857a2	56	power \| \| \| float\\|float[] \| charging stations maximum power value(s)
c6f76013	57	powerSharedByConnectors \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| charging stations power shared by its connectors
ef16e252	58	powerUnit \| W/kW \| W \| string \| charging stations power unit
7decf1b6	59	currentOutType \| AC/DC \| AC \| string \| charging stations current out type
6ed92bc1	60	voltageOut \| \| AC:230/DC:400 \| integer \| charging stations voltage out
c706280d	61	numberOfPhases \| 0/1/3 \| AC:3/DC:0 \| integer \| charging stations number of phase(s)
7decf1b6 JB	62	numberOfConnectors \| \| \| integer\\|integer[] \| charging stations number of connector(s)
7decf1b6 JB	63	useConnectorId0 \| true/false \| true \| boolean \| use connector id 0 definition from the template
11b056bb	64	randomConnectors \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| randomize runtime connector id affectation from the connector id definition in template
7decf1b6	65	resetTime \| \| 60 \| integer \| seconds to wait before the charging stations come back at reset
7decf1b6 JB	66	autoReconnectMaxRetries \| \| -1 (unlimited) \| integer \| connection retries to the OCPP-J server
7decf1b6 JB	67	reconnectExponentialDelay \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| connection delay retry to the OCPP-J server
0b13b85d	68	registrationMaxRetries \| \| -1 (unlimited) \| integer \| charging stations boot notification retries
6ed92bc1 JB	69	enableStatistics \| true/false \| true \| boolean \| enable charging stations statistics
	70	beginEndMeterValues \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| enable Transaction.{Begin,End} MeterValues
	71	outOfOrderEndMeterValues \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| send Transaction.End MeterValues out of order
	72	meteringPerTransaction \| true/false \| true \| boolean \| disable metering on a per transaction basis
fd0c36fa	73	transactionDataMeterValues \| true/false \| false \| boolean \| enable transaction data MeterValues at stop transaction
c94a349a JB	74	Configuration \| \| \| ChargingStationConfiguration \| charging stations OCPP configuration parameters
	75	AutomaticTransactionGenerator \| \| \| AutomaticTransactionGenerator \| charging stations ATG configuration
	76	Connectors \| \| \| Connectors \| charging stations connectors configuration
	77
	78	#### Configuration section
	79
	80	```json
0302da79	81	"Configuration": {
c94a349a JB	82	"configurationKey": [
	83	...
	84	{
	85	"key": "StandardKey",
	86	"readonly": false,
	87	"value": "StandardValue",
	88	"visible": true,
	89	"reboot": false
	90	},
	91	...
	92	{
	93	"key": "VendorKey",
	94	"readonly": false,
	95	"value": "VendorValue",
	96	"visible": false,
	97	"reboot": true
	98	},
	99	...
	100	]
	101	}
	102	```
	103
	104	#### AutomaticTransactionGenerator section
	105
	106	```json
0302da79	107	"AutomaticTransactionGenerator": {
c94a349a JB	108	"enable": false,
	109	"minDuration": 60,
	110	"maxDuration": 80,
	111	"minDelayBetweenTwoTransactions": 15,
	112	"maxDelayBetweenTwoTransactions": 30,
	113	"probabilityOfStart": 1,
	114	"stopAfterHours": 0.3,
	115	"stopOnConnectionFailure": true,
e644918b	116	"requireAuthorize": true
c94a349a JB	117	}
	118	```
	119	#### Connectors section
	120
	121	```json
0302da79	122	"Connectors": {
c94a349a JB	123	"0": {},
	124	"1": {
	125	"bootStatus": "Available",
	126	"MeterValues": [
	127	...
	128	{
	129	"unit": "A",
	130	"measurand": "Current.Import"
	131	},
	132	...
	133	{
	134	"unit": "Wh"
	135	},
	136	...
	137	]
	138	}
	139	},
	140	```
	141
6f0ec20e JB	142	## Start
	143
	144	To start the program, run: `npm start`.
	145
	146	## Docker
	147
	148	In the [docker](./docker) folder:
	149
	150	```bash
	151	make
	152	```
	153
	154	Or without the optional git submodules:
	155
	156	```bash
	157	make SUBMODULES_INIT=false
	158	```
	159
	160	## OCPP-J commands supported
c94a349a JB	161
	162	### Version 1.6
	163
c56d42f1	164	#### Core Profile
6f0ec20e	165
778f7924 JB	166	- :white_check_mark: Authorize
	167	- :white_check_mark: BootNotification
	168	- :white_check_mark: ChangeAvailability
	169	- :white_check_mark: ChangeConfiguration
	170	- :white_check_mark: ClearCache
9e1b12e4	171	- :x: DataTransfer
778f7924 JB	172	- :white_check_mark: GetConfiguration
	173	- :white_check_mark: Heartbeat
	174	- :white_check_mark: MeterValues
	175	- :white_check_mark: RemoteStartTransaction
	176	- :white_check_mark: RemoteStopTransaction
	177	- :white_check_mark: Reset
	178	- :white_check_mark: StartTransaction
	179	- :white_check_mark: StatusNotification
	180	- :white_check_mark: StopTransaction
	181	- :white_check_mark: UnlockConnector
6f0ec20e	182
c56d42f1	183	#### Firmware Management Profile
6f0ec20e	184
9e1b12e4 JB	185	- :x: GetDiagnostics
	186	- :x: DiagnosticsStatusNotification
	187	- :x: FirmwareStatusNotification
	188	- :x: UpdateFirmware
6f0ec20e	189
c56d42f1	190	#### Local Auth List Management Profile
6f0ec20e	191
9e1b12e4 JB	192	- :x: GetLocalListVersion
9e1b12e4 JB	193	- :x: SendLocalList
6f0ec20e	194
c56d42f1	195	#### Reservation Profile
6f0ec20e	196
9e1b12e4 JB	197	- :x: CancelReservation
9e1b12e4 JB	198	- :x: ReserveNow
6f0ec20e	199
c56d42f1	200	#### Smart Charging Profile
6f0ec20e	201
778f7924 JB	202	- :white_check_mark: ClearChargingProfile
	203	- :white_check_mark: GetCompositeSchedule
	204	- :white_check_mark: SetChargingProfile
6f0ec20e	205
c56d42f1	206	#### Remote Trigger Profile
6f0ec20e	207
9e1b12e4	208	- :x: TriggerMessage
7dde0b73	209
7e1dc878 JB	210	## OCPP-J standard parameters supported
7e1dc878 JB	211
adf16e64	212	All kind of OCPP parameters are supported in a charging station template. The list here mention the standard ones also handled automatically in the simulator.
7e1dc878 JB	213
	214	### Version 1.6
	215
c56d42f1	216	#### Core Profile
7e1dc878 JB	217
	218	- :white_check_mark: AuthorizeRemoteTxRequests (type: boolean) (units: -)
	219	- :x: ClockAlignedDataInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
291cb255	220	- :white_check_mark: ConnectionTimeOut (type: integer) (units: seconds)
7e1dc878 JB	221	- :x: GetConfigurationMaxKeys (type: integer) (units: -)
	222	- :white_check_mark: HeartbeatInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
	223	- :x: LocalAuthorizeOffline (type: boolean) (units: -)
	224	- :x: LocalPreAuthorize (type: boolean) (units: -)
	225	- :x: MeterValuesAlignedData (type: CSL) (units: -)
	226	- :white_check_mark: MeterValuesSampledData (type: CSL) (units: -)
	227	- :white_check_mark: MeterValueSampleInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
	228	- :white_check_mark: NumberOfConnectors (type: integer) (units: -)
	229	- :x: ResetRetries (type: integer) (units: times)
	230	- :white_check_mark: ConnectorPhaseRotation (type: CSL) (units: -)
	231	- :x: StopTransactionOnEVSideDisconnect (type: boolean) (units: -)
	232	- :x: StopTransactionOnInvalidId (type: boolean) (units: -)
	233	- :x: StopTxnAlignedData (type: CSL) (units: -)
	234	- :x: StopTxnSampledData (type: CSL) (units: -)
36f6a92e	235	- :white_check_mark: SupportedFeatureProfiles (type: CSL) (units: -)
7e1dc878 JB	236	- :x: TransactionMessageAttempts (type: integer) (units: times)
	237	- :x: TransactionMessageRetryInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
	238	- :x: UnlockConnectorOnEVSideDisconnect (type: boolean) (units: -)
36f6a92e	239	- :white_check_mark: WebSocketPingInterval (type: integer) (units: seconds)
7e1dc878	240
c56d42f1	241	#### Firmware Management Profile
7e1dc878 JB	242
	243	- none
	244
c56d42f1	245	#### Local Auth List Management Profile
7e1dc878	246
36f6a92e	247	- :white_check_mark: LocalAuthListEnabled (type: boolean) (units: -)
7e1dc878 JB	248	- :x: LocalAuthListMaxLength (type: integer) (units: -)
	249	- :x: SendLocalListMaxLength (type: integer) (units: -)
	250
c56d42f1	251	#### Reservation Profile
7e1dc878 JB	252
	253	- none
	254
c56d42f1	255	#### Smart Charging Profile
7e1dc878 JB	256
	257	- :x: ChargeProfileMaxStackLevel (type: integer) (units: -)
	258	- :x: ChargingScheduleAllowedChargingRateUnit (type: CSL) (units: -)
	259	- :x: ChargingScheduleMaxPeriods (type: integer) (units: -)
	260	- :x: MaxChargingProfilesInstalled (type: integer) (units: -)
	261
c56d42f1	262	#### Remote Trigger Profile
7e1dc878 JB	263
	264	- none
	265
7dde0b73 JB	266	## License
7dde0b73 JB	267
9f5030ff	268	This file and all other files in this repository are licensed under the Apache Software License, v.2 and copyrighted under the copyright in [NOTICE](NOTICE) file, except as noted otherwise in the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file.
7dde0b73 JB	269
7dde0b73 JB	270	Please note that Docker images can contain other software which may be licensed under different licenses. This LICENSE and NOTICE files are also included in the Docker image. For any usage of built Docker images please make sure to check the licenses of the artifacts contained in the images.