docs: enhance documentation and update changelog entries

[poolifier.git] / src / pools / abstract-pool.ts

import crypto from 'node:crypto'
import type { MessageValue, PromiseResponseWrapper } from '../utility-types'
import {
  DEFAULT_WORKER_CHOICE_STRATEGY_OPTIONS,
  EMPTY_FUNCTION,
  INITIAL_TASKS_USAGE,
  median
} from '../utils'
import { KillBehaviors, isKillBehavior } from '../worker/worker-options'
import {
  PoolEvents,
  type IPool,
  type PoolOptions,
  type TasksQueueOptions,
  PoolType
} from './pool'
import { PoolEmitter } from './pool'
import type { IWorker, Task, TasksUsage, WorkerNode } from './worker'
import {
  WorkerChoiceStrategies,
  type WorkerChoiceStrategy
} from './selection-strategies/selection-strategies-types'
import { WorkerChoiceStrategyContext } from './selection-strategies/worker-choice-strategy-context'

/**
 * Base class that implements some shared logic for all poolifier pools.
 *
 * @typeParam Worker - Type of worker which manages this pool.
 * @typeParam Data - Type of data sent to the worker. This can only be serializable data.
 * @typeParam Response - Type of execution response. This can only be serializable data.
 */
export abstract class AbstractPool<
  Worker extends IWorker,
  Data = unknown,
  Response = unknown
> implements IPool<Worker, Data, Response> {
  /** @inheritDoc */
  public readonly workerNodes: Array<WorkerNode<Worker, Data>> = []

  /** @inheritDoc */
  public readonly emitter?: PoolEmitter

  /**
   * The execution response promise map.
   *
   * - `key`: The message id of each submitted task.
   * - `value`: An object that contains the worker, the execution response promise resolve and reject callbacks.
   *
   * When we receive a message from the worker, we get a map entry with the promise resolve/reject bound to the message id.
   */
  protected promiseResponseMap: Map<
  string,
  PromiseResponseWrapper<Worker, Response>
  > = new Map<string, PromiseResponseWrapper<Worker, Response>>()

  /**
   * Worker choice strategy context referencing a worker choice algorithm implementation.
   *
   * Default to a round robin algorithm.
   */
  protected workerChoiceStrategyContext: WorkerChoiceStrategyContext<
  Worker,
  Data,
  Response
  >

  /**
   * Constructs a new poolifier pool.
   *
   * @param numberOfWorkers - Number of workers that this pool should manage.
   * @param filePath - Path to the worker-file.
   * @param opts - Options for the pool.
   */
  public constructor (
    public readonly numberOfWorkers: number,
    public readonly filePath: string,
    public readonly opts: PoolOptions<Worker>
  ) {
    if (!this.isMain()) {
      throw new Error('Cannot start a pool from a worker!')
    }
    this.checkNumberOfWorkers(this.numberOfWorkers)
    this.checkFilePath(this.filePath)
    this.checkPoolOptions(this.opts)

    this.chooseWorkerNode.bind(this)
    this.executeTask.bind(this)
    this.enqueueTask.bind(this)
    this.checkAndEmitEvents.bind(this)

    this.setupHook()

    for (let i = 1; i <= this.numberOfWorkers; i++) {
      this.createAndSetupWorker()
    }

    if (this.opts.enableEvents === true) {
      this.emitter = new PoolEmitter()
    }
    this.workerChoiceStrategyContext = new WorkerChoiceStrategyContext<
    Worker,
    Data,
    Response
    >(
      this,
      this.opts.workerChoiceStrategy,
      this.opts.workerChoiceStrategyOptions
    )
  }

  private checkFilePath (filePath: string): void {
    if (
      filePath == null ||
      (typeof filePath === 'string' && filePath.trim().length === 0)
    ) {
      throw new Error('Please specify a file with a worker implementation')
    }
  }

  private checkNumberOfWorkers (numberOfWorkers: number): void {
    if (numberOfWorkers == null) {
      throw new Error(
        'Cannot instantiate a pool without specifying the number of workers'
      )
    } else if (!Number.isSafeInteger(numberOfWorkers)) {
      throw new TypeError(
        'Cannot instantiate a pool with a non integer number of workers'
      )
    } else if (numberOfWorkers < 0) {
      throw new RangeError(
        'Cannot instantiate a pool with a negative number of workers'
      )
    } else if (this.type === PoolType.FIXED && numberOfWorkers === 0) {
      throw new Error('Cannot instantiate a fixed pool with no worker')
    }
  }

  private checkPoolOptions (opts: PoolOptions<Worker>): void {
    this.opts.workerChoiceStrategy =
      opts.workerChoiceStrategy ?? WorkerChoiceStrategies.ROUND_ROBIN
    this.checkValidWorkerChoiceStrategy(this.opts.workerChoiceStrategy)
    this.opts.workerChoiceStrategyOptions =
      opts.workerChoiceStrategyOptions ?? DEFAULT_WORKER_CHOICE_STRATEGY_OPTIONS
    this.opts.enableEvents = opts.enableEvents ?? true
    this.opts.enableTasksQueue = opts.enableTasksQueue ?? false
    if (this.opts.enableTasksQueue) {
      if ((opts.tasksQueueOptions?.concurrency as number) <= 0) {
        throw new Error(
          `Invalid worker tasks concurrency '${
            (opts.tasksQueueOptions as TasksQueueOptions).concurrency as number
          }'`
        )
      }
      this.opts.tasksQueueOptions = {
        concurrency: opts.tasksQueueOptions?.concurrency ?? 1
      }
    }
  }

  private checkValidWorkerChoiceStrategy (
    workerChoiceStrategy: WorkerChoiceStrategy
  ): void {
    if (!Object.values(WorkerChoiceStrategies).includes(workerChoiceStrategy)) {
      throw new Error(
        `Invalid worker choice strategy '${workerChoiceStrategy}'`
      )
    }
  }

  /** @inheritDoc */
  public abstract get type (): PoolType

  /**
   * Number of tasks running in the pool.
   */
  private get numberOfRunningTasks (): number {
    return this.workerNodes.reduce(
      (accumulator, workerNode) => accumulator + workerNode.tasksUsage.running,
      0
    )
  }

  /**
   * Number of tasks queued in the pool.
   */
  private get numberOfQueuedTasks (): number {
    if (this.opts.enableTasksQueue === false) {
      return 0
    }
    return this.workerNodes.reduce(
      (accumulator, workerNode) => accumulator + workerNode.tasksQueue.length,
      0
    )
  }

  /**
   * Gets the given worker its worker node key.
   *
   * @param worker - The worker.
   * @returns The worker node key if the worker is found in the pool worker nodes, `-1` otherwise.
   */
  private getWorkerNodeKey (worker: Worker): number {
    return this.workerNodes.findIndex(
      workerNode => workerNode.worker === worker
    )
  }

  /** @inheritDoc */
  public setWorkerChoiceStrategy (
    workerChoiceStrategy: WorkerChoiceStrategy
  ): void {
    this.checkValidWorkerChoiceStrategy(workerChoiceStrategy)
    this.opts.workerChoiceStrategy = workerChoiceStrategy
    for (const workerNode of this.workerNodes) {
      this.setWorkerNodeTasksUsage(workerNode, INITIAL_TASKS_USAGE)
    }
    this.workerChoiceStrategyContext.setWorkerChoiceStrategy(
      workerChoiceStrategy
    )
  }

  /**
   * Whether the pool is full or not.
   *
   * The pool filling boolean status.
   */
  protected abstract get full (): boolean

  /**
   * Whether the pool is busy or not.
   *
   * The pool busyness boolean status.
   */
  protected abstract get busy (): boolean

  protected internalBusy (): boolean {
    return this.findFreeWorkerNodeKey() === -1
  }

  /** @inheritDoc */
  public findFreeWorkerNodeKey (): number {
    return this.workerNodes.findIndex(workerNode => {
      return workerNode.tasksUsage?.running === 0
    })
  }

  /** @inheritDoc */
  public async execute (data: Data): Promise<Response> {
    const [workerNodeKey, workerNode] = this.chooseWorkerNode()
    const submittedTask: Task<Data> = {
      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/consistent-type-assertions
      data: data ?? ({} as Data),
      id: crypto.randomUUID()
    }
    const res = new Promise<Response>((resolve, reject) => {
      this.promiseResponseMap.set(submittedTask.id as string, {
        resolve,
        reject,
        worker: workerNode.worker
      })
    })
    if (
      this.opts.enableTasksQueue === true &&
      (this.busy ||
        this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].tasksUsage.running >=
          ((this.opts.tasksQueueOptions as TasksQueueOptions)
            .concurrency as number))
    ) {
      this.enqueueTask(workerNodeKey, submittedTask)
    } else {
      this.executeTask(workerNodeKey, submittedTask)
    }
    this.checkAndEmitEvents()
    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/return-await
    return res
  }

  /** @inheritDoc */
  public async destroy (): Promise<void> {
    await Promise.all(
      this.workerNodes.map(async (workerNode, workerNodeKey) => {
        this.flushTasksQueue(workerNodeKey)
        await this.destroyWorker(workerNode.worker)
      })
    )
  }

  /**
   * Shutdowns the given worker.
   *
   * @param worker - A worker within `workerNodes`.
   */
  protected abstract destroyWorker (worker: Worker): void | Promise<void>

  /**
   * Setup hook to execute code before worker node are created in the abstract constructor.
   * Can be overridden
   *
   * @virtual
   */
  protected setupHook (): void {
    // Intentionally empty
  }

  /**
   * Should return whether the worker is the main worker or not.
   */
  protected abstract isMain (): boolean

  /**
   * Hook executed before the worker task execution.
   * Can be overridden.
   *
   * @param workerNodeKey - The worker node key.
   */
  protected beforeTaskExecutionHook (workerNodeKey: number): void {
    ++this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].tasksUsage.running
  }

  /**
   * Hook executed after the worker task execution.
   * Can be overridden.
   *
   * @param worker - The worker.
   * @param message - The received message.
   */
  protected afterTaskExecutionHook (
    worker: Worker,
    message: MessageValue<Response>
  ): void {
    const workerTasksUsage = this.getWorkerTasksUsage(worker) as TasksUsage
    --workerTasksUsage.running
    ++workerTasksUsage.run
    if (message.error != null) {
      ++workerTasksUsage.error
    }
    if (this.workerChoiceStrategyContext.getRequiredStatistics().runTime) {
      workerTasksUsage.runTime += message.runTime ?? 0
      if (
        this.workerChoiceStrategyContext.getRequiredStatistics().avgRunTime &&
        workerTasksUsage.run !== 0
      ) {
        workerTasksUsage.avgRunTime =
          workerTasksUsage.runTime / workerTasksUsage.run
      }
      if (this.workerChoiceStrategyContext.getRequiredStatistics().medRunTime) {
        workerTasksUsage.runTimeHistory.push(message.runTime ?? 0)
        workerTasksUsage.medRunTime = median(workerTasksUsage.runTimeHistory)
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Chooses a worker node for the next task.
   *
   * The default uses a round robin algorithm to distribute the load.
   *
   * @returns [worker node key, worker node].
   */
  protected chooseWorkerNode (): [number, WorkerNode<Worker, Data>] {
    let workerNodeKey: number
    if (this.type === PoolType.DYNAMIC && !this.full && this.internalBusy()) {
      const workerCreated = this.createAndSetupWorker()
      this.registerWorkerMessageListener(workerCreated, message => {
        if (
          isKillBehavior(KillBehaviors.HARD, message.kill) ||
          (message.kill != null &&
            this.getWorkerTasksUsage(workerCreated)?.running === 0)
        ) {
          // Kill message received from the worker: no new tasks are submitted to that worker for a while ( > maxInactiveTime)
          this.flushTasksQueueByWorker(workerCreated)
          void this.destroyWorker(workerCreated)
        }
      })
      workerNodeKey = this.getWorkerNodeKey(workerCreated)
    } else {
      workerNodeKey = this.workerChoiceStrategyContext.execute()
    }
    return [workerNodeKey, this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey]]
  }

  /**
   * Sends a message to the given worker.
   *
   * @param worker - The worker which should receive the message.
   * @param message - The message.
   */
  protected abstract sendToWorker (
    worker: Worker,
    message: MessageValue<Data>
  ): void

  /**
   * Registers a listener callback on the given worker.
   *
   * @param worker - The worker which should register a listener.
   * @param listener - The message listener callback.
   */
  protected abstract registerWorkerMessageListener<
    Message extends Data | Response
  >(worker: Worker, listener: (message: MessageValue<Message>) => void): void

  /**
   * Returns a newly created worker.
   */
  protected abstract createWorker (): Worker

  /**
   * Function that can be hooked up when a worker has been newly created and moved to the pool worker nodes.
   *
   * Can be used to update the `maxListeners` or binding the `main-worker`\<-\>`worker` connection if not bind by default.
   *
   * @param worker - The newly created worker.
   */
  protected abstract afterWorkerSetup (worker: Worker): void

  /**
   * Creates a new worker and sets it up completely in the pool worker nodes.
   *
   * @returns New, completely set up worker.
   */
  protected createAndSetupWorker (): Worker {
    const worker = this.createWorker()

    worker.on('message', this.opts.messageHandler ?? EMPTY_FUNCTION)
    worker.on('error', this.opts.errorHandler ?? EMPTY_FUNCTION)
    worker.on('online', this.opts.onlineHandler ?? EMPTY_FUNCTION)
    worker.on('exit', this.opts.exitHandler ?? EMPTY_FUNCTION)
    worker.once('exit', () => {
      this.removeWorkerNode(worker)
    })

    this.pushWorkerNode(worker)

    this.afterWorkerSetup(worker)

    return worker
  }

  /**
   * This function is the listener registered for each worker message.
   *
   * @returns The listener function to execute when a message is received from a worker.
   */
  protected workerListener (): (message: MessageValue<Response>) => void {
    return message => {
      if (message.id != null) {
        // Task execution response received
        const promiseResponse = this.promiseResponseMap.get(message.id)
        if (promiseResponse != null) {
          if (message.error != null) {
            promiseResponse.reject(message.error)
          } else {
            promiseResponse.resolve(message.data as Response)
          }
          this.afterTaskExecutionHook(promiseResponse.worker, message)
          this.promiseResponseMap.delete(message.id)
          const workerNodeKey = this.getWorkerNodeKey(promiseResponse.worker)
          if (
            this.opts.enableTasksQueue === true &&
            this.tasksQueueSize(workerNodeKey) > 0
          ) {
            this.executeTask(
              workerNodeKey,
              this.dequeueTask(workerNodeKey) as Task<Data>
            )
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private checkAndEmitEvents (): void {
    if (this.opts.enableEvents === true) {
      if (this.busy) {
        this.emitter?.emit(PoolEvents.busy)
      }
      if (this.type === PoolType.DYNAMIC && this.full) {
        this.emitter?.emit(PoolEvents.full)
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Sets the given worker node its tasks usage in the pool.
   *
   * @param workerNode - The worker node.
   * @param tasksUsage - The worker node tasks usage.
   */
  private setWorkerNodeTasksUsage (
    workerNode: WorkerNode<Worker, Data>,
    tasksUsage: TasksUsage
  ): void {
    workerNode.tasksUsage = tasksUsage
  }

  /**
   * Gets the given worker its tasks usage in the pool.
   *
   * @param worker - The worker.
   * @throws {@link Error} if the worker is not found in the pool worker nodes.
   * @returns The worker tasks usage.
   */
  private getWorkerTasksUsage (worker: Worker): TasksUsage | undefined {
    const workerNodeKey = this.getWorkerNodeKey(worker)
    if (workerNodeKey !== -1) {
      return this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].tasksUsage
    }
    throw new Error('Worker could not be found in the pool worker nodes')
  }

  /**
   * Pushes the given worker in the pool worker nodes.
   *
   * @param worker - The worker.
   * @returns The worker nodes length.
   */
  private pushWorkerNode (worker: Worker): number {
    return this.workerNodes.push({
      worker,
      tasksUsage: INITIAL_TASKS_USAGE,
      tasksQueue: []
    })
  }

  /**
   * Sets the given worker in the pool worker nodes.
   *
   * @param workerNodeKey - The worker node key.
   * @param worker - The worker.
   * @param tasksUsage - The worker tasks usage.
   * @param tasksQueue - The worker task queue.
   */
  private setWorkerNode (
    workerNodeKey: number,
    worker: Worker,
    tasksUsage: TasksUsage,
    tasksQueue: Array<Task<Data>>
  ): void {
    this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey] = {
      worker,
      tasksUsage,
      tasksQueue
    }
  }

  /**
   * Removes the given worker from the pool worker nodes.
   *
   * @param worker - The worker.
   */
  private removeWorkerNode (worker: Worker): void {
    const workerNodeKey = this.getWorkerNodeKey(worker)
    this.workerNodes.splice(workerNodeKey, 1)
    this.workerChoiceStrategyContext.remove(workerNodeKey)
  }

  private executeTask (workerNodeKey: number, task: Task<Data>): void {
    this.beforeTaskExecutionHook(workerNodeKey)
    this.sendToWorker(this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].worker, task)
  }

  private enqueueTask (workerNodeKey: number, task: Task<Data>): number {
    return this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].tasksQueue.push(task)
  }

  private dequeueTask (workerNodeKey: number): Task<Data> | undefined {
    return this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].tasksQueue.shift()
  }

  private tasksQueueSize (workerNodeKey: number): number {
    return this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].tasksQueue.length
  }

  private flushTasksQueue (workerNodeKey: number): void {
    if (this.tasksQueueSize(workerNodeKey) > 0) {
      for (const task of this.workerNodes[workerNodeKey].tasksQueue) {
        this.executeTask(workerNodeKey, task)
      }
    }
  }

  private flushTasksQueueByWorker (worker: Worker): void {
    const workerNodeKey = this.getWorkerNodeKey(worker)
    this.flushTasksQueue(workerNodeKey)
  }
}