3 * by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
4 * This file is placed in the public domain. Use the program however you
7 * This utility rearranges a Quicktime file such that the moov atom
8 * is in front of the data, thus facilitating network streaming.
10 * To compile this program, start from the base directory from which you
11 * are building FFmpeg and type:
12 * make tools/qt-faststart
13 * The qt-faststart program will be built in the tools/ directory. If you
14 * do not build the program in this manner, correct results are not
15 * guaranteed, particularly on 64-bit platforms.
16 * Invoke the program with:
17 * qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>
19 * Notes: Quicktime files can come in many configurations of top-level
20 * atoms. This utility stipulates that the very last atom in the file needs
21 * to be a moov atom. When given such a file, this utility will rearrange
22 * the top-level atoms by shifting the moov atom from the back of the file
23 * to the front, and patch the chunk offsets along the way. This utility
24 * presently only operates on uncompressed moov atoms.
34 #define fseeko(x, y, z) fseeko64(x, y, z)
36 #define ftello(x) ftello64(x)
39 #define fseeko(x, y, z) _fseeki64(x, y, z)
41 #define ftello(x) _ftelli64(x)
44 #define MIN(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (b) : (a))
46 #define BE_16(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
48 #define BE_32(x) (((uint32_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 24) | \
49 (((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 16) | \
50 (((uint8_t*)(x))[2] << 8) | \
53 #define BE_64(x) (((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 56) | \
54 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[1]) << 48) | \
55 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[2]) << 40) | \
56 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[3]) << 32) | \
57 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[4]) << 24) | \
58 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[5]) << 16) | \
59 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[6]) << 8) | \
60 ((uint64_t)( (uint8_t*)(x))[7]))
62 #define BE_FOURCC(ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3) \
63 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch3) | \
64 ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch2) << 8) | \
65 ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16) | \
66 ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24) )
68 #define QT_ATOM BE_FOURCC
70 #define FREE_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 'r', 'e', 'e')
71 #define JUNK_ATOM QT_ATOM('j', 'u', 'n', 'k')
72 #define MDAT_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'd', 'a', 't')
73 #define MOOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'o', 'o', 'v')
74 #define PNOT_ATOM QT_ATOM('p', 'n', 'o', 't')
75 #define SKIP_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 'k', 'i', 'p')
76 #define WIDE_ATOM QT_ATOM('w', 'i', 'd', 'e')
77 #define PICT_ATOM QT_ATOM('P', 'I', 'C', 'T')
78 #define FTYP_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 't', 'y', 'p')
79 #define UUID_ATOM QT_ATOM('u', 'u', 'i', 'd')
81 #define CMOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'm', 'o', 'v')
82 #define STCO_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 't', 'c', 'o')
83 #define CO64_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'o', '6', '4')
85 #define ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
86 #define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE 33554432
88 int main(int argc
, char *argv
[])
92 unsigned char atom_bytes
[ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE
];
93 uint32_t atom_type
= 0;
94 uint64_t atom_size
= 0;
95 uint64_t atom_offset
= 0;
97 unsigned char *moov_atom
= NULL
;
98 unsigned char *ftyp_atom
= NULL
;
99 uint64_t moov_atom_size
;
100 uint64_t ftyp_atom_size
= 0;
102 uint32_t offset_count
;
103 uint64_t current_offset
;
104 int64_t start_offset
= 0;
105 unsigned char *copy_buffer
= NULL
;
109 printf("Usage: qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>\n"
110 "Note: alternatively you can use -movflags +faststart in ffmpeg\n");
114 if (!strcmp(argv
[1], argv
[2])) {
115 fprintf(stderr
, "input and output files need to be different\n");
119 infile
= fopen(argv
[1], "rb");
125 /* traverse through the atoms in the file to make sure that 'moov' is
127 while (!feof(infile
)) {
128 if (fread(atom_bytes
, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE
, 1, infile
) != 1) {
131 atom_size
= BE_32(&atom_bytes
[0]);
132 atom_type
= BE_32(&atom_bytes
[4]);
135 if (atom_type
== FTYP_ATOM
) {
136 ftyp_atom_size
= atom_size
;
138 ftyp_atom
= malloc(ftyp_atom_size
);
140 printf("could not allocate %"PRIu64
" bytes for ftyp atom\n",
144 if (fseeko(infile
, -ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE
, SEEK_CUR
) ||
145 fread(ftyp_atom
, atom_size
, 1, infile
) != 1 ||
146 (start_offset
= ftello(infile
)) < 0) {
152 /* 64-bit special case */
153 if (atom_size
== 1) {
154 if (fread(atom_bytes
, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE
, 1, infile
) != 1) {
157 atom_size
= BE_64(&atom_bytes
[0]);
158 ret
= fseeko(infile
, atom_size
- ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE
* 2, SEEK_CUR
);
160 ret
= fseeko(infile
, atom_size
- ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE
, SEEK_CUR
);
167 printf("%c%c%c%c %10"PRIu64
" %"PRIu64
"\n",
168 (atom_type
>> 24) & 255,
169 (atom_type
>> 16) & 255,
170 (atom_type
>> 8) & 255,
171 (atom_type
>> 0) & 255,
174 if ((atom_type
!= FREE_ATOM
) &&
175 (atom_type
!= JUNK_ATOM
) &&
176 (atom_type
!= MDAT_ATOM
) &&
177 (atom_type
!= MOOV_ATOM
) &&
178 (atom_type
!= PNOT_ATOM
) &&
179 (atom_type
!= SKIP_ATOM
) &&
180 (atom_type
!= WIDE_ATOM
) &&
181 (atom_type
!= PICT_ATOM
) &&
182 (atom_type
!= UUID_ATOM
) &&
183 (atom_type
!= FTYP_ATOM
)) {
184 printf("encountered non-QT top-level atom (is this a QuickTime file?)\n");
187 atom_offset
+= atom_size
;
189 /* The atom header is 8 (or 16 bytes), if the atom size (which
190 * includes these 8 or 16 bytes) is less than that, we won't be
191 * able to continue scanning sensibly after this atom, so break. */
196 if (atom_type
!= MOOV_ATOM
) {
197 printf("last atom in file was not a moov atom\n");
203 /* moov atom was, in fact, the last atom in the chunk; load the whole
205 if (fseeko(infile
, -atom_size
, SEEK_END
)) {
209 last_offset
= ftello(infile
);
210 if (last_offset
< 0) {
214 moov_atom_size
= atom_size
;
215 moov_atom
= malloc(moov_atom_size
);
217 printf("could not allocate %"PRIu64
" bytes for moov atom\n", atom_size
);
220 if (fread(moov_atom
, atom_size
, 1, infile
) != 1) {
225 /* this utility does not support compressed atoms yet, so disqualify
226 * files with compressed QT atoms */
227 if (BE_32(&moov_atom
[12]) == CMOV_ATOM
) {
228 printf("this utility does not support compressed moov atoms yet\n");
232 /* close; will be re-opened later */
236 /* crawl through the moov chunk in search of stco or co64 atoms */
237 for (i
= 4; i
< moov_atom_size
- 4; i
++) {
238 atom_type
= BE_32(&moov_atom
[i
]);
239 if (atom_type
== STCO_ATOM
) {
240 printf(" patching stco atom...\n");
241 atom_size
= BE_32(&moov_atom
[i
- 4]);
242 if (i
+ atom_size
- 4 > moov_atom_size
) {
243 printf(" bad atom size\n");
246 offset_count
= BE_32(&moov_atom
[i
+ 8]);
247 if (i
+ 12 + offset_count
* UINT64_C(4) > moov_atom_size
) {
248 printf(" bad atom size/element count\n");
251 for (j
= 0; j
< offset_count
; j
++) {
252 current_offset
= BE_32(&moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 4]);
253 current_offset
+= moov_atom_size
;
254 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 4 + 0] = (current_offset
>> 24) & 0xFF;
255 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 4 + 1] = (current_offset
>> 16) & 0xFF;
256 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 4 + 2] = (current_offset
>> 8) & 0xFF;
257 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 4 + 3] = (current_offset
>> 0) & 0xFF;
260 } else if (atom_type
== CO64_ATOM
) {
261 printf(" patching co64 atom...\n");
262 atom_size
= BE_32(&moov_atom
[i
- 4]);
263 if (i
+ atom_size
- 4 > moov_atom_size
) {
264 printf(" bad atom size\n");
267 offset_count
= BE_32(&moov_atom
[i
+ 8]);
268 if (i
+ 12 + offset_count
* UINT64_C(8) > moov_atom_size
) {
269 printf(" bad atom size/element count\n");
272 for (j
= 0; j
< offset_count
; j
++) {
273 current_offset
= BE_64(&moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8]);
274 current_offset
+= moov_atom_size
;
275 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 0] = (current_offset
>> 56) & 0xFF;
276 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 1] = (current_offset
>> 48) & 0xFF;
277 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 2] = (current_offset
>> 40) & 0xFF;
278 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 3] = (current_offset
>> 32) & 0xFF;
279 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 4] = (current_offset
>> 24) & 0xFF;
280 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 5] = (current_offset
>> 16) & 0xFF;
281 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 6] = (current_offset
>> 8) & 0xFF;
282 moov_atom
[i
+ 12 + j
* 8 + 7] = (current_offset
>> 0) & 0xFF;
288 /* re-open the input file and open the output file */
289 infile
= fopen(argv
[1], "rb");
295 if (start_offset
> 0) { /* seek after ftyp atom */
296 if (fseeko(infile
, start_offset
, SEEK_SET
)) {
301 last_offset
-= start_offset
;
304 outfile
= fopen(argv
[2], "wb");
310 /* dump the same ftyp atom */
311 if (ftyp_atom_size
> 0) {
312 printf(" writing ftyp atom...\n");
313 if (fwrite(ftyp_atom
, ftyp_atom_size
, 1, outfile
) != 1) {
319 /* dump the new moov atom */
320 printf(" writing moov atom...\n");
321 if (fwrite(moov_atom
, moov_atom_size
, 1, outfile
) != 1) {
326 /* copy the remainder of the infile, from offset 0 -> last_offset - 1 */
327 bytes_to_copy
= MIN(COPY_BUFFER_SIZE
, last_offset
);
328 copy_buffer
= malloc(bytes_to_copy
);
330 printf("could not allocate %d bytes for copy_buffer\n", bytes_to_copy
);
333 printf(" copying rest of file...\n");
334 while (last_offset
) {
335 bytes_to_copy
= MIN(bytes_to_copy
, last_offset
);
337 if (fread(copy_buffer
, bytes_to_copy
, 1, infile
) != 1) {
341 if (fwrite(copy_buffer
, bytes_to_copy
, 1, outfile
) != 1) {
345 last_offset
-= bytes_to_copy
;